{"id":5791,"date":"2023-08-24T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?post_type=article&#038;p=5791"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:52:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T16:52:59","slug":"correlacion-sp","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/correlacion-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Correlaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfEst\u00e1n los valores de un conjunto de datos relacionados con los de otro conjunto? \u00bfLos valores de un conjunto se mueven hacia arriba o hacia abajo a medida que aumentan los del otro conjunto? Para responder a esta pregunta, estimamos la correlaci\u00f3n entre dos conjuntos de datos. El primer paso es examinar los datos trazados en un gr\u00e1fico de dispersi\u00f3n donde cada punto representa un par de datos (valor X y Y). Los datos que no est\u00e1n asociados tienden a formar un patr\u00f3n aleatorio, mientras que los que est\u00e1n relacionados mostrar\u00e1n un patr\u00f3n de asociaci\u00f3n discernible. El siguiente diagrama de dispersi\u00f3n muestra una distribuci\u00f3n completamente aleatoria de los puntos. Podemos afirmar razonablemente que los dos conjuntos de datos no est\u00e1n relacionados.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig1_Correlation.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-710\" src=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig1_Correlation.png\" alt=\"asdfasdf\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig1_Correlation.png 713w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig1_Correlation-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>El siguiente diagrama de dispersi\u00f3n muestra que a medida que aumentan los valores en el eje X, tambi\u00e9n lo hacen la mayor\u00eda de los del eje Y. La mayor\u00eda de los puntos encajan bastante cerca de una l\u00ednea imaginaria trazada a trav\u00e9s de los puntos, aunque algunos se desv\u00edan a ambos lados. Este gr\u00e1fico indica una correlaci\u00f3n estrecha y positiva entre los dos conjuntos de datos: los datos se mueven en la misma direcci\u00f3n. Se indicar\u00eda una correlaci\u00f3n negativa donde los puntos en el eje Y disminuyeron a medida que aumentaron los del eje X.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig2_correlation.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4047 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig2_correlation.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig2_correlation.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fig2_correlation-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>La estad\u00edstica nos proporciona un medio para medir qu\u00e9 tan cercana es la correlaci\u00f3n entre los conjuntos de datos. Esto se denomina <strong>coeficiente de correlaci\u00f3n<\/strong> y generalmente se representa con el s\u00edmbolo <strong>r<\/strong> o <strong>r<\/strong>. Los posibles valores de r oscilan entre -1 y +1, y describen la magnitud y la direcci\u00f3n de la relaci\u00f3n: +1 indica una correlaci\u00f3n positiva muy fuerte; -1 indica una correlaci\u00f3n negativa (inversa) muy fuerte; y cero indica que no hay correlaci\u00f3n. El valor de r al cuadrado (<strong>r<sup>2<\/sup> o R<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>) se conoce como <strong>coeficiente de determinaci\u00f3n<\/strong>. Nuevamente, la fuerza de la asociaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 indicada por cuanto m\u00e1s se acerca el valor a 1. El valor r2 para los datos en el primer gr\u00e1fico es bajo en 0.0018, mientras que para los datos en el segundo gr\u00e1fico es 0.87.<\/p>\n<p>No podemos asumir que existe una relaci\u00f3n de causa y efecto para estas correlaciones. Sin embargo, en aquellos casos en los que sabemos que el valor de X en realidad causa la respuesta Y (por ejemplo, si Y fuera la respuesta al est\u00edmulo X), podemos afirmar adem\u00e1s que r<sup>2<\/sup> representa la proporci\u00f3n de la respuesta Y que en realidad es debido a X. En el caso del gr\u00e1fico de la derecha, el 87% del valor de Y se debe realmente a X; eso tambi\u00e9n significa que el 13% del efecto Y se debe a una causa distinta de X, por ejemplo, un efecto aleatorio o un efecto de una variable que no se mide.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid\" style=\"width:100%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;border-top-width:1px;border-color:#dddddd;\"><\/div>\n<h4><strong>Referencias:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Dawson B, Trapp RG. Chapter 8. Research Questions About Relationships among Variables. In: Dawson B, Trapp RG, eds. Basic &amp; Clinical Biostatistics. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004.<\/p>\n<p>Walters RW, Kier KL. Chapter 8. The Application of Statistical Analysis in the Biomedical Sciences. In: Kier KL, Malone PM, Stanovich JE, eds. Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Godfrey K. Chapter 6. Testing for Relationships, Reporting Association and Correlation Analyses. In: Lang TA, Secic M, eds. How to Report Statistics in Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2006.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\/N 101851-01S Rev B 02\/2023<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[274],"tags":[209],"language":[42],"articles":[231],"class_list":["post-5791","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articulos","tag-basic-sp","language-spanish","articles-erc-ert","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Correlaci\u00f3n - Advanced Renal Education Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/correlacion-sp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Correlaci\u00f3n - Advanced Renal Education Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfEst\u00e1n los valores de un conjunto de datos relacionados con los de otro conjunto? \u00bfLos valores de un conjunto se mueven hacia arriba o hacia abajo a medida que aumentan los del otro conjunto? 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