{"id":5797,"date":"2023-08-24T22:26:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T03:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?post_type=article&#038;p=5797"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:57:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T16:57:13","slug":"tasas-de-eventos-sp","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/tasas-de-eventos-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Tasas de Eventos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En el ejemplo de la secci\u00f3n \u201cIncidencia y prevalencia\u201d que ilustra el crecimiento de la prevalencia, indicamos que la tasa de mortalidad era del 20% anual. Esta es una forma de describir la tasa de un evento como la muerte. Afirma que el 20% de todos los pacientes prevalentes durante un a\u00f1o murieron durante ese a\u00f1o. De hecho, expresar la tasa de eventos de esta manera no proporciona mucha informaci\u00f3n. No nos dice nada sobre cu\u00e1nto tiempo sobrevivieron los pacientes antes de la muerte. Si todas las muertes ocurrieron en pacientes que hab\u00edan estado en tratamiento por menos de 6 meses, entonces eso tendr\u00eda un significado diferente que si las muertes ocurrieran en aquellos pacientes que hab\u00edan estado en tratamiento durante varios a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Riesgo de eventos por per\u00edodo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Para solucionar este problema se utiliza otra forma de reportar eventos: tasa de eventos por per\u00edodo en riesgo. Para este c\u00e1lculo y para expresar, por ejemplo, la tasa de muerte por a\u00f1os de riesgo, se suma el n\u00famero de d\u00edas que cada paciente prevalente est\u00e1 en riesgo y se divide por 365. Si un paciente tiene un incidente el 1 de febrero y fallece el 31 de marzo, el per\u00edodo el riesgo es (28 + 30) d\u00edas, que es (58\/365 = 0,16) de riesgo de un a\u00f1o. Un paciente que ingresa al tratamiento el 1 de enero o antes y est\u00e1 vivo el 31 de diciembre contribuye (365\/365 = 1) a\u00f1o de riesgo durante ese a\u00f1o. El n\u00famero de muertes durante el a\u00f1o se expresa luego como la tasa del n\u00famero total de a\u00f1os de pacientes contribuidos. De manera similar, la tasa de mortalidad puede expresarse por 100 a\u00f1os o por 1000 a\u00f1os; la elecci\u00f3n del denominador depende de qu\u00e9 hace que los informes sean sensatos. Se pueden obtener datos m\u00e1s estables y consistentes si el per\u00edodo de riesgo y la tasa se extienden a un per\u00edodo m\u00e1s largo (por ejemplo, 2 o 3 a\u00f1os). Cualquier otro evento, como hospitalizaci\u00f3n, tasa de infecci\u00f3n, etc., puede describirse de manera similar.<\/p>\n<p>Las tasas de eventos informadas de esta manera pueden clasificarse adem\u00e1s por las caracter\u00edsticas demogr\u00e1ficas o de diagn\u00f3stico de un subconjunto de pacientes, por ejemplo, la tasa de muerte en pacientes diab\u00e9ticos o la tasa de muerte en hombres. A continuaci\u00f3n, se pueden comparar las tasas de eventos entre grupos, por ejemplo, si la tasa de mortalidad masculina supera la tasa de mortalidad femenina. Adem\u00e1s, dichas tasas se pueden comparar utilizando m\u00e9todos estad\u00edsticos apropiados para determinar si una diferencia detectada es significativa (se dispone de una variedad de m\u00e9todos estad\u00edsticos m\u00e1s o menos complejos para tal medici\u00f3n; en esencia, guardan cierta similitud con la prueba Chi-cuadrado descrita anteriormente).<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid\" style=\"width:100%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;border-top-width:1px;border-color:#dddddd;\"><\/div>\n<h4>References:<\/h4>\n<p>Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Chapter 4. Medical Surveillance. In: Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR, eds. Medical Epidemiology. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Dawson B, Trapp RG. Chapter 3. Summarizing Data &amp; Presenting Data in Tables &amp; Graphs. In: Dawson B, Trapp RG, eds. Basic &amp; Clinical Biostatistics. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004.<\/p>\n<p>Lashner BA, Kirsner JB. Chapter 12. Describing Patterns of Disease and Disability in Populations. In: Lang TA, Secic M, eds. How to Report Statistics in Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2006.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\/N 101855-01S Rev B 02\/2023<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[274],"tags":[209],"language":[42],"articles":[231],"class_list":["post-5797","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articulos","tag-basic-sp","language-spanish","articles-erc-ert","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tasas de Eventos - Advanced Renal Education Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/tasas-de-eventos-sp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tasas de Eventos - Advanced Renal Education Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En el ejemplo de la secci\u00f3n \u201cIncidencia y prevalencia\u201d que ilustra el crecimiento de la prevalencia, indicamos que la tasa de mortalidad era del 20% anual. 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