{"id":5826,"date":"2023-08-25T17:28:49","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T22:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?post_type=article&p=5826"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:18:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T16:18:57","slug":"hipokalemia-sp","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Hipokalemia"},"content":{"rendered":"

La hipokalemia se define como el potasio s\u00e9rico inferior a 3,5 mEq\/L1<\/sup>. La hipokalemia es una ocurrencia relativamente rara y generalmente es el resultado de la depleci\u00f3n de potasio debido a una ingesta deficiente o \/ o una mayor excreci\u00f3n. Los pacientes hipopokal\u00e9micos son en su mayor\u00eda asintom\u00e1ticos; sin embargo, dependiendo del grado de depleci\u00f3n, la hipokalemia puede asociarse con debilidad muscular leve a manifestaciones graves como muerte s\u00fabita card\u00edaca. Las consecuencias m\u00e1s graves de la hipokalemia est\u00e1n relacionadas con los trastornos del ritmo card\u00edaco, que pueden conducir a un paro card\u00edaco1,2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Etiolog\u00eda1<\/sup><\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Baja ingesta de potasio en la dieta<\/li>\n
  • Desnutrici\u00f3n<\/li>\n
  • Diarrea cr\u00f3nica<\/li>\n
  • F\u00e1rmacos: aumento de las excreciones col\u00f3nicas de potasio\n
      \n
    • Mineralocorticoides3<\/sup><\/li>\n
    • Uso imprudente de resinas de intercambio de potasio4<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Prevenci\u00f3n y tratamiento<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      El objetivo del tratamiento de la hipokalemia en pacientes en hemodi\u00e1lisis es prevenir los trastornos del ritmo card\u00edaco y los s\u00edntomas neuromusculares. La administraci\u00f3n oral de preparados de potasio es el tratamiento de primera l\u00ednea, excepto en pacientes que presentan hipokalemia asociada a alteraciones respiratorias y \/ o inestabilidad card\u00edaca, en esos casos se prefiere la v\u00eda IV1<\/sup>. Cuando se administra por v\u00eda intravenosa, la administraci\u00f3n de potasio no debe exceder los 20 mmol\/hora5<\/sup> y es obligatoria la monitorizaci\u00f3n card\u00edaca continua. Otras consideraciones importantes en el manejo de la hipokalemia son:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Cuando se administra potasio por v\u00eda intravenosa, las concentraciones no deben exceder los 50 mmol\/L, los l\u00edquidos intravenosos que contienen concentraciones m\u00e1s altas de potasio pueden causar irritaci\u00f3n de las venas perif\u00e9ricas<\/li>\n
      • No se recomienda el uso de 0 mEq\/L de potasio en el dializado. El modelado del potasio del dializado puede ser \u00fatil6<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        <\/div>
        <\/div>\n

        Referencias<\/strong><\/h4>\n
          \n
        1. Choi HY, Ha SK. Potassium balances in maintenance hemodialysis. Electrolyte Blood Press<\/em>. 2013;11(1):9-16. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23946760.<\/li>\n
        2. Podrid PJ. Potassium and ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol<\/em>. 1990;65(10):33E-44E; discussion 52E.<\/li>\n
        3. Furuya R, Kumagai H, Sakao T, Maruyama Y, Hishida A. Potassium-lowering effect of mineralocorticoid therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Nephron<\/em>. 2002;92(3):576-581.<\/li>\n
        4. Hoskote SS, Joshi SR, Ghosh AK. Disorders of potassium homeostasis: pathophysiology and management. J Assoc Physicians India<\/em>. 2008;56:685-693.<\/li>\n
        5. Kim G-H, Han JS. Therapeutic approach to hypokalemia. Nephron<\/em>. 2002;92 Suppl 1:28-32.<\/li>\n
        6. Morrison G, Michelson EL, Brown S, Morganroth J. Mechanism and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int<\/em>. 1980;17(6):811-819. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6447822.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          P\/N 103055-01S Rev A 02\/2023<\/p>\n

          <\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[274],"tags":[218],"language":[42],"articles":[272],"class_list":["post-5826","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articulos","tag-intradialytic-sp","language-spanish","articles-hemodialisis","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La hipokalemia se define como el potasio s\u00e9rico inferior a 3,5 mEq\/L1. La hipokalemia es una ocurrencia relativamente rara y generalmente es el resultado de la depleci\u00f3n de potasio debido a una ingesta deficiente o \/ o una mayor excreci\u00f3n.…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Advanced Renal Education Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-09T16:18:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/\",\"name\":\"Hipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-25T22:28:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-09T16:18:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Hipokalemia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/\",\"name\":\"Advanced Renal Education Program\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Advanced Renal Education Program\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1Asset-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1Asset-1.jpg\",\"width\":1965,\"height\":381,\"caption\":\"Advanced Renal Education Program\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program","og_description":"La hipokalemia se define como el potasio s\u00e9rico inferior a 3,5 mEq\/L1. La hipokalemia es una ocurrencia relativamente rara y generalmente es el resultado de la depleci\u00f3n de potasio debido a una ingesta deficiente o \/ o una mayor excreci\u00f3n.…","og_url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/","og_site_name":"Advanced Renal Education Program","article_modified_time":"2025-05-09T16:18:57+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/","url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/","name":"Hipokalemia - Advanced Renal Education Program","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-08-25T22:28:49+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-09T16:18:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/hipokalemia-sp\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hipokalemia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/","name":"Advanced Renal Education Program","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#organization","name":"Advanced Renal Education Program","url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1Asset-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1Asset-1.jpg","width":1965,"height":381,"caption":"Advanced Renal Education Program"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"Advanced Renal Education Program","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep","push-errors":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/5826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5826"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=5826"},{"taxonomy":"articles","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles?post=5826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}