{"id":5828,"date":"2023-10-26T12:56:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T17:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/?post_type=article&#038;p=5828"},"modified":"2025-05-09T11:56:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T16:56:08","slug":"incidencia-y-prevalencia-sp","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/incidencia-y-prevalencia-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Incidencia y Prevalencia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La incidencia y la prevalencia son t\u00e9rminos que se utilizan com\u00fanmente para describir la epidemiolog\u00eda de las enfermedades.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Incidencia<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>La incidencia es la tasa de casos nuevos (o reci\u00e9n diagnosticados) de la enfermedad. Generalmente se informa como el n\u00famero de casos nuevos que ocurren dentro de un per\u00edodo de tiempo (por ejemplo, por mes, por a\u00f1o). Es m\u00e1s significativo cuando la tasa de incidencia se informa como una fracci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n en riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad (p. Ej., Por 100.000 o por mill\u00f3n de habitantes). Obviamente, la precisi\u00f3n de los datos de incidencia depende de la precisi\u00f3n del diagn\u00f3stico y la notificaci\u00f3n de la enfermedad. En algunos casos (incluida la ERET), puede ser m\u00e1s apropiado informar la tasa de tratamiento de los casos nuevos, ya que se conocen, mientras que la incidencia real de los casos no tratados no lo es.<\/p>\n<p>Las tasas de incidencia se pueden clasificar de acuerdo con diferentes subconjuntos de la poblaci\u00f3n, por ejemplo, por g\u00e9nero, por origen racial, por grupo de edad o por categor\u00eda de diagn\u00f3stico.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Predominio<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>La prevalencia es el n\u00famero real de casos vivos, con la enfermedad durante un per\u00edodo de tiempo (per\u00edodo de prevalencia) o en una fecha particular en el tiempo (prevalencia puntual). La prevalencia del per\u00edodo proporciona la mejor medida de la carga de enfermedad, ya que incluye todos los casos nuevos y todas las muertes entre dos fechas, mientras que la prevalencia puntual solo cuenta a los vivos en una fecha en particular.<\/p>\n<p>La prevalencia tambi\u00e9n se informa de manera m\u00e1s significativa como el n\u00famero de casos como una fracci\u00f3n de la poblaci\u00f3n total en riesgo y se puede categorizar a\u00fan m\u00e1s seg\u00fan los diferentes subconjuntos de la poblaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Incidencia a la prevalencia<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>La relaci\u00f3n entre la incidencia y la prevalencia depende en gran medida de la historia natural del estado de la enfermedad que se informa. En el caso de una epidemia de influenza, la incidencia puede ser alta, pero la prevalencia puede permanecer baja debido a la r\u00e1pida y espont\u00e1nea tasa de resoluci\u00f3n de la enfermedad. En el caso de una enfermedad que tiene una tasa de curaci\u00f3n baja (o nula), pero donde el tratamiento de mantenimiento permite una supervivencia sostenida; la incidencia contribuye al crecimiento continuo de la prevalencia. En tales casos, la limitaci\u00f3n del crecimiento de la prevalencia es la mortalidad que se produce en la poblaci\u00f3n. Evidentemente, la prevalencia seguir\u00e1 aumentando hasta que la mortalidad iguale o supere la tasa de incidencia.<\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n, se muestra un ejemplo de esta relaci\u00f3n. La incidencia de la enfermedad es de 100 por a\u00f1o. La tasa de mortalidad es del 20% anual. Como se ve, la prevalencia crece hasta que la tasa de mortalidad es igual a la incidencia.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5970\" src=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1-300x164.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1-1024x560.png 1024w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1-768x420.png 768w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1-600x328.png 600w, https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101854_fig1.png 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Otra caracter\u00edstica del crecimiento de la prevalencia que debe tenerse en cuenta es que durante los primeros a\u00f1os el crecimiento de la prevalencia es muy r\u00e1pido, pero se desacelera hacia un crecimiento cero despu\u00e9s de 15 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-divider vcex-divider-solid\" style=\"width:100%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;border-top-width:1px;border-color:#dddddd;\"><\/div>\n<h4><strong>Referencias<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n<p>Waning B, Montagne M. Chapter 2. Medical Surveillance and Outbreaks of Disease. In: Waning B, Montagne M, eds. Pharmacoepidemiology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR. Chapter 2. Epidemiologic Measures. In: Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders WD, Eley JW, Boring JR, eds. Medical Epidemiology. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Walters RW, Kier KL. Chapter 8. The Application of Statistical Analysis in the Biomedical Sciences. In: Kier KL, Malone PM, Stanovich JE, eds. Drug Information: A Guide for Pharmacists. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\/N 101854-01S Rev B 02\/2023<\/p>\n<div class=\"vcex-spacing\" style=\"height:30px\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[274],"tags":[209],"language":[42],"articles":[231],"class_list":["post-5828","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articulos","tag-basic-sp","language-spanish","articles-erc-ert","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Incidencia y Prevalencia - Advanced Renal Education Program<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ami.advancedrenaleducation.com\/wparep\/article\/incidencia-y-prevalencia-sp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Incidencia y Prevalencia - Advanced Renal Education Program\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La incidencia y la prevalencia son t\u00e9rminos que se utilizan com\u00fanmente para describir la epidemiolog\u00eda de las enfermedades. 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